SAMR : Mengoptimalkan Aplikasi dalam Pembelajaran

 

Ada kesan bahwa guru hebat adalah guru yang memahami berbagai aplikasi dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga guru pun berusaha untuk menguasai beragam aplikasi yang dianggap akan menunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran. Ada pun tujuan penggunaan teknologi aplikasi antara lain agar tampilan materi pembelajaran menarik dan mudah dipahami. Pemikiran di atas tentu saja tidak salah, namun akan lebih baik lagi jika guru mampu mengoptimalkan aplikasi pembelajaran yang sudah dipelajari sebelumnya dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan guru dan siswa.

Lantas muncul pertanyaan:  Bagaimana cara memaksimalkan penggunaan aplikasi secara efektif dalam mencapai sasaran atau tujuan pembelajaran?

Menurut Adi Respati, Ketua Program Websis for Edu - Apple Professional Learning Specialist pada pelatihan “Semangat Guru: Seri Kemampuan Nonteknis dalam Adaptasi Teknologi”, sasaran atau tujuan pembelajaran dapat dicapai jika guru mempraktekkan kerangka SAMR.

Apa itu SAMR? SAMR dirancang oleh Dr. Ruben Puentendera, seorang praktisi pendidikan yang berfokus pada transformasi teknologi di bidang pendidikan. Menurut Dr. Ruben, SAMR adalah kerangka untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat kematangan guru dalam memanfaatkan teknologi dalam pembelajaran. SAMR merupakan inisial dari empat tingkat kematangan pemanfaatan teknologi, yang dirancang dari tingkat pemula (beginners) hingga mahir (advanced users), yaitu Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, dan Redefinition (SAMR).

Substitution adalah tingkat pertama dari kerangka ini. Pada tahap ini, guru ‘baru’ menggunakan teknologi untuk kegiatan pembelajaran yang berfungsi hanya sebagai pengganti ‘kehadirannya’ di kelas semisal penggunaan aplikasi Video Meeting seperti Zoom atau Google Meet dengan metode pembelajaran ceramah, yang tidak jauh berbeda dengan yang biasa terjadi di kelas. Dengan kata lain, guru hanya ‘memindahkan’ kehadirannya dari tatap muka menjadi tatap maya. Alhasil, pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran pun sangat bergantung pada kegiatan pembelajaran dengan metode ceramah yang disampaikan guru dalam Google Meet tersebut.

Tahap selanjutnya adalah Augmentation.  Tahap ini tidak jauh berbeda dengan tahap sebelumnya namun sudah mulai melibatkan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi yang sama, Google Meet atau Zoom, guru tidak hanya menyampaikan materi dengan metode ceramah tetapi juga memberikan umpan balik (feedback) kepada siswa. Sehingga terjadilah komunikasi dua arah yang aktif dan interaktif. Umpan balik ini diberikan dengan tujuan untuk menunjukkan kelemahan (weakness) dan kekuatan (strength) serta memberikan petunjuk perbaikan kepada siswa.

Tahap ketiga dari kerangka SAMR adalah Modification. Penggunaan aplikasi Video Meeting  tidak hanya melibatkan siswa saja tetapi juga diharapkan dapat menfasilitasi kegiatan belajar bersama seperti diskusi kelompok dan presentasi. Artinya, dalam tahap ini siswa dapat berganti peran dengan guru. Tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap materi pembelajaran dapat dicermati dari sejauh mana bahan presentasi dipersiapkan, lalu bagaimana cara menyampaikannya dan  bagaimana cara menjawab pertanyaan dari peserta diskusi. Umpan balik yang diharapkan pada tahap ini adalah orisinalitas karya, kesalahan dan usaha siswa dalam memperbaikinya.

Selain menggelar diskusi dan presentasi, mengundang narasumber atau pun virtual trip pun dapat digolongkan ke dalam tahap Modification. Karena lewat aplikasi video meeting ini, siswa dapat bertemu ‘langsung’ dengan narasumber yang kompeten atau dapat berjalan-jalan secara ‘langsung’ ke lokasi-lokasi yang berhubungan dengan pembelajaran.   

Redefinition adalah tahap terakhir . Dalam tahap ini, guru tidak hanya mendorong siswa untuk menguasai materi pembelajaran tetapi juga mengajarkan kepada mereka bahwa pengetahuan yang telah dikuasai dapat didedikasikan kepada masyarakat. Kegiatan online event seperti webinar dan talkshow yang dirancang dan diselenggarakan siswa dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi video meeting yang dapat direkam dan disebarkan ke media sosial merupakan contoh dari tahapan redefinition.  Lewat kegiatan ini siswa dapat berperan aktif memublikasikan pengetahuan mereka dengan tujuan untuk mengedukasi audiens. Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat ‘mendewasakan’ siswa dan sangat bermanfaat.

Simpulan bahwa kita sangat mengapresiasi rekn-rekan guru yang hendak menguasai banyak aplikasi pembelajaran untuk merealisasikan tujuan pembelajaran. Sekedar saran coba fokuslah pada satu aplikasi yang dianggap paling berperan dalam mencapai sasaran atau tujuan pembelajaran. Selanjutnya, silahkan pikirkan strategi terkait bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan aplikasi tersebut dengan tetap memperhatikan tingkat pemahaman siswa yang berbeda.

Masalahnya, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah bagaimana caranya agar aplikasi pembelajaran yang dirancang mampu meransang atau menumbuhkembangkan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan siswa secara signifikan. Bukan banyaknya aplikasi yang digunakan kalau saja pada akhirnya metode yang digunakan hanya ceramah dan ceramah. Dikhawatirkan kemampuan siswa pun hanya sebatas pada tataran mengingat dan menghapal saja. Semoga ikhtiar kita akan membuahkan hasil. Ayo tetap semangat

 

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Penulis: 
Siti Aisyah Komala Rakhmi, S.S. Guru Bahasa Inggris SMAN 1 Pangkalanbaru